Maintaining Muscle Function Across the Lifespan: The State of Science.

Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome currently defined as pathological loss of muscle mass and function. Sarcopenia is not only a major contributor to loss of physical function in older adults but is also associated with increased risk of morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare costs. As a complex and multifactorial syndrome, sarcopenia has been associated with numerous degenerative changes during the aging process, but there is building evidence for significant contributions to the development of sarcopenia from neurodegenerative changes in the peripheral nervous system. A variety of interventions have been investigated for the treatment of sarcopenia, but current management is primarily focused on nutrition and therapeutic exercise interventions. Great strides have been made to improve screening procedures and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia, but continued optimization of diagnostic and screening strategies is needed to better identify individuals with sarcopenia or at risk of developing sarcopenia. Understanding and addressing the major drivers of sarcopenia pathogenesis will help develop therapeutics that can reduce the impact of sarcopenia on affected individuals and society.

Muscle and Bone Mass Loss in the Elderly Population: Advances in diagnosis and treatment.

Aging is the result of different functional changes leading to a substantial reduction of all human capabilities. A variety of anatomical and physiological changes occur with advancing age. These changes are more evident in the elderly population. There are various methods to measure muscle and bone mass loss, but the dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is considered one of the most efficient. The elderly population (65 years and older) has been increasing throughout the years. Loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) and loss bone mass (osteopenia or osteoporosis) with advancing age, when untreated, represent a major public health problem for the elderly population and may result in loss of independence in later life. Untreated age-related sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis increase the risk for falls and fractures, making older individuals more susceptible to the development of mobility limitations or severe disabilities that ultimately affect their capacity for independence. In this review, we will discuss the muscle and bone mass loss in the elderly population and advances in diagnosis and treatment.

[Benefits of strength training for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia]. / Beneficios del entrenamiento de fuerza para la prevención y tratamiento de la sarcopenia.

Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by a gradual loss and generalized skeletal muscle mass and strength at risk for adverse outcomes such as physical disability, poor quality of life and mortality. It has several contributing factors: the aging process throughout life, influences on development in the early stages of life, eating sub optimal, bed rest or sedentary lifestyle, chronic diseases and certain drug treatments. Sarcopenia represents a deterioration of health status with a high personal cost: mobility disorders, increased risk of falls and fractures, impaired ability to perform everyday activities, disability, loss of independence and increased risk of death. The strength training is currently one of the most effective methods for combating sarcopenia by stimulating hypertrophy and increase strength. The strength training programs in older people themselves are probably one of the most effective preventive measures to delay the onset of sarcopenia. In this literature review different factors related sarcopenia and strength training as a preventive method is analyzed.

La sarcopenia es un síndrome que se caracteriza por una pérdida gradual y generalizada de la masa muscular esquelética y la fuerza, con riesgo de presentar resultados adversos como discapacidad física, calidad de vida deficiente y mortalidad. Existen varios factores que contribuyen: el proceso de envejecimiento a lo largo de la vida, influencias sobre el desarrollo en las etapas iniciales de la vida, una alimentación inadecuada, el reposo en cama o sedentarismo, enfermedades crónicas y determinados tratamientos farmacológicos. La sarcopenia representa un deterioro del estado de salud con un costo personal elevado: trastornos de la movilidad, mayor riesgo de caídas y fracturas, deterioro de la capacidad de realizar actividades cotidianas, discapacidad, perdida de independencia y mayor riesgo de muerte. El entrenamiento de la fuerza es actualmente uno de los métodos más eficaces para combatir la sarcopenia mediante la estimulación de la hipertrofia e incremento de la fuerza. Los programas de entrenamiento de fuerza en personas mayores probablemente constituyen, por sí mismos, una de las medidas preventivas más eficaces para retrasar la aparición de sarcopenia. En la presente revisión bibliográfica se analizarán diferentes factores relacionados con la sarcopenia y el entrenamiento de la fuerza como método preventivo.

Beneficios del entrenamiento de fuerza para la prevención y tratamiento de la sarcopenia / Benefits of strength training for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia

La sarcopenia es un síndrome que se caracteriza por una pérdida gradual y generalizada de la masa muscular esquelética y la fuerza, con riesgo de presentar resultados adversos como discapacidad física, calidad de vida deficiente y mortalidad. Existen varios factores que contribuyen: el proceso de envejecimiento a lo largo de la vida, influencias sobre el desarrollo en las etapas iniciales de la vida, una alimentación inadecuada, el reposo en cama o sedentarismo, enfermedades crónicas y determinados tratamientos farmacológicos. La sarcopenia representa un deterioro del estado de salud con un costo personal elevado: trastornos de la movilidad, mayor riesgo de caídas y fracturas, deterioro de la capacidad de realizar actividades cotidianas, discapacidad, perdida de independencia y mayor riesgo de muerte. El entrenamiento de la fuerza es actualmente uno de los métodos más eficaces para combatir la sarcopenia mediante la estimulación de la hipertrofia e incremento de la fuerza. Los programas de entrenamiento de fuerza en personas mayores probablemente constituyen, por sí mismos, una de las medidas preventivas más eficaces para retrasar la aparición de sarcopenia. En la presente revisión bibliográfica se analizarán diferentes factores relacionados con la sarcopenia y el entrenamiento de la fuerza como método preventivo (AU)

Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by a gradual loss and generalized skeletal muscle mass and strength at risk for adverse outcomes such as physical disability, poor quality of life and mortality. It has several contributing factors: the aging process throughout life, influences on development in the early stages of life, eating sub optimal, bed rest or sedentary lifestyle, chronic diseases and certain drug treatments. Sarcopenia represents a deterioration of health status with a high personal cost: mobility disorders, increased risk of falls and fractures, impaired ability to perform everyday activities, disability, loss of independence and increased risk of death. The strength training is currently one of the most effective methods for combating sarcopenia by stimulating hypertrophy and increase strength. The strength training programs in older people themselves are probably one of the most effective preventive measures to delay the onset of sarcopenia. In this literature review different factors related sarcopenia and strength training as a preventive method is analyzed (AU)